The main purpose of this document is to present the utility, coupling concepts and preparation tips of optical fibres for amateurs in astronomical astronomy. Optical fiber is the technology associated with data transmission using light pulses traveling along with a long fiber which is usually made of plastic or glass. Mechanical splicing technique aligns the two fiber ends to a common centre line, aligning their cores so the light can pass from one fiber to another. In some applications bare fibers work just fine, such as fiber optic sensors and laboratory use. Fiber cable preparation, splicing, and termination. Optical fiber optical fiber or fiber optic refers to the medium and the technology associated with the transmission of information as light pulses along a glass or plastic strand or fiber. The industrial fiber optics fiber optic connector and splicing module contains. Mechanical splicing method mechanical splicing is an optical junction where the fibers are precisely aligned and held in place by a selfcontained assembly, not a permanent bond. And only one end of each individual fiber is required.
Termination or connectorization is another method of joining fibers. The article will introduce these two splicing methods and their particular steps of splicing. Understanding fiber optic splicing and data losses. Optical fibers are also unaffected by electromagnetic interference. But no matter how good the splicing is, the splicing loss is inevitable. An fiber microscope assists in the placement of the prepared fiber ends into a fusionsplicing apparatus. Fusion splicing of optical fibers electric arc fusion splicing require fiber end surfaces to be prepared for joint heating of prepared fiber ends to fusion point with application of axial pressure between two fibers. Shards and cleaved glass fibers are very sharp and can easily pierce the. The goal is to fuse the two fibers together in such a way that light passing through the fibers is not scattered or reflected back by the splice, and so that the splice and the region surrounding it are almost as strong as the intact fiber. The fusion splicer performs optical fiber fusion splicing in two steps. Fiber optic cable fusion splicing insertion loss of fiber optics mark curranbrian shirk fiber optics, which is the science of light transmission through very fine glass or plastic fibers, continues to be used in more and more applications due to its inherent advantages over copper conductors. Optical fiber played a very important role due to its wide properties like high bandwidth, long distance transmission, and. An fibre optic splice is defined by the fact that it gives a permanent or relatively permanent connection between two fibre optic cables. Besides practicing cleaving, you should practice placing buffer tubes and fibers in trays and closures.
How to reduce various types of losses in optical fiber. What is fiber optic splicing the basic fusion splicing apparatus consists of two fixtures on which the fibers are mounted and two electrodes. Classification of techniques used for optical fiber. It consists of a core surrounded by the cladding which has a single uniform index of refraction. The 910fs with pas technology is designed for splicing many types of optical fibers. Michal dudek, malgorzata kujawinska, polymer optical bridges for efficient splicing of optical fibers, opt. Fusion splicing is the act of joining two optical fibers endtoend. Understanding how the appearance of optical fiber splices. Basics of fiber optics mark curranbrian shirk fiber optics, which is the science of light transmission through very fine glass or plastic fibers, continues to be used in more and more applications due to its inherent advantages over copper conductors. Mechanical splicing doesnt physically fuse two optical fibers together, rather two. Difference between step index and graded index fibers in hindi duration. The types of optical fibers depend on the refractive index, materials used and mode of propagation of light. Singlemode optical fiber is an optical fiber in which only the lowest order bound mode can propagate at the wavelength of interest typically 0 to 20nm. In this activity you will first learn about the various types of fiber connectors such as.
These technical and highly soughtafter skills in the fiber optics industry are taught using a handson approach. In mechanical splicing method a selfcontained assembly aligns and holds the fibers in right place instead of a permanent bond. Polymer optical bridges for efficient splicing of optical fibers team201177 of the foundation for polish science, cofi nanced by statutory funds of the institute of. Finally, it discusses the future of optical fiber fusion splicing including silica and nonsilica based optical fibers as well as the trend toward increasing automation. Cabling is the process of packaging optical fibers in a cable structure for handling and protection. Flexible fiber optic splice enclosure for tactical field cable. By joining two optical fibers endtoend, splicing aims to ensure that the light passing through it is almost as strong as the virgin fiber itself. Unlike fiber connectors, which are designed for easy reconfiguration on crossconnect or patch panels. This method aligns the two fiber ends to a common centerline, aligning their cores so the light can pass from one fiber to another.
Optical fibers are therefore classified as stepindex or gradedindex, and multimode or singlemode, as illustrated in fig. This manual will guide instructors and students through the three separate. The 910fs with pas technology is designed for splicing many types of. The standard definition of splicing in optical fiber is the joining two fiber optic cables together. Preparing the fiber remove the protective film, jackets, tubes, strength member, and so. Because it provides the lowest loss, less reflectance, strongest and most reliable joint between two fibers. Special equipment called fusion splicer is used to perform the fiber fusion splicing. Introduction to fiber optic splicing fiber optic cables. This document provides instructions for the fiber cable technician to properly pe rform fiber cable preparations, routings, splicing, terminations and connections within the. Spliced fibers are placed in a splice tray which is in turn placed in a splice closure. The amount of optical power lost at these connections is a concern for many system.
The analysis of fusion splice technique on single mode fiber optic. Optical communication pdf notes oc pdf notes smartzworld. Main parameters are fiber type, fiber count in ribbon 46812, and. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. The fiber optic loss caused by splicing cannot be avoided, but it can be reduced to minimum with proper handling.
A connector splice loss occurs due to an axial runout between the light axes of optical fibers to be joined. Arc power calibration for fusion splicing optical fibers. Using fiber optic connectors of high quality and fusion splicing can help to reduce the fiber optic loss effectively. The refractive index profile has step change in the refractive index from core to. Cleave the strip and clean fiber with the help of cleaver at the angle of 90 and length after cleaving 10mm. The refractive index profile has step change in the refractive index from core to cladding as shown in figure 4. In order to design for the flexibility required by labs and the consistency required by production lines, a fundamental technique known as arc power calibration was developed and implemented. May 28, 2016 to be specific, fiber optic splicing is a process to combine the ends of optic fibers together. Optical fibers are connected to terminal equipment by optical fiber connectors. For example, it is necessary to avoid an increased angle at fiber cut end when using an optical fiber cleaver before fusion splicing, since such an angle can result in splicing of optical fibers with runout.
These principles are essentially the same as those that apply in planar dielectric waveguides chap. Fusion splicing is the method of joining two optical fibers endtoend. This method is most popular for fast, temporary restoration and splicing multimode fibers. Flexible fiber optic splice enclosure for tactical field cable the norland flexible splice enclosure for fiber optic tactical field cable is a unique, easytoassemble solution for protecting fiber optic splices and restoring full cable strength to the repaired section of a cable. This is the most widely used method of fiber optic splicing. Optical fibers may be connected to each other by connectors, or permanently by splicing, that is, joining. Poor arc conditions especially cold splice due to weak arc power. Optical fiber fusion splicer types fusion splicing machines. Optical fiber carries much more information than conventional copper wire and is in general not subject to. Apr, 2015 fusion splicing method as mentioned previously, fusion splicing is a junction of two or more optical fibers that have been permanently affixed by welding them together by an electronic arc. Transparent glass or plastic fibers which allow light to be guided from one end to the other with minimal loss. May 18, 2016 a mechanical splice is a junction of two or more optical fibers. There are 2 methods of splicing, mechanical or fusion. Fusion splice is a junction of two or more optical fibers that have been melted.
Four basic steps to completing a proper fusion splice. There are three types of fiber optic cable commonly used. Optical fiber fusion splicer types fusion splicing. The goal is to fuse the two fibers together in such a way that light passing through the fibers is not scattered or reflected back by the splice, and so that the splice and the region surrounding it are almost as.
In this chapter we introduce the principles of light transmission in optical fibers. For a detailed description of the different types of fibres and features consult this document or the hetchs optics textbook among many others. Oct 27, 2018 types of optical fiber in hindi optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiberoptic communications, where they. Fiber cable preparation, splicing, and termination instructions.
An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. Fiber optic cable splicing explained fiber optic center. The purpose of this article is to provide the nontechnical reader with an overview of. The above picture shows the main causes of losses in optical fiber, which come in different types. Optical fiber carries much more information than conventional copper wire and is in general not subject to electromagnetic interference. The principle of physical contact connectors e fiber in a tightly toleranced ceramic ferrule. This chapter emphasizes the nature of optical modes and their group velocities in stepindex and gradedindex fibers. Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiberoptic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths data rates than electrical. Two optical fiber splicing methods are available for permanent joining of two optical fibers. Dec 24, 2015 the fiber optic loss caused by splicing cannot be avoided, but it can be reduced to minimum with proper handling. Telecom staff college, haripur course contents what we will cover in this course. The fibers are placed into the apparatus, aligned, and then fused together.
Apr 19, 2009 types of optical fibres the main purpose of this document is to present the utility, coupling concepts and preparation tips of optical fibres for amateurs in astronomical astronomy. Whilst serving as a selfcontained reference work, abundant citations from the technical literature will enable readers to readily locate primary sources. Metal wires are preferred for transmission in optical fiber communication as signals travel with fewer damages. Both methods provide much lower insertion loss compared to fiber connectors. Arc power calibration for fusion splicing optical fibers with. Splicers are basically couplers that form a connection between two fibers or fiber bundles. Pdf on oct 16, 2017, norazlina ahmad and others published the analysis of fusion splice technique on single mode fiber optic find. The fusion splicing of single fibers involves the heating of the two prepared fiber ends to their fusing point with the application of sufficient axial pressure between the two optical fibers. Fusion splicing is a permanent connection of two or more optical fibers. There are two types of fiber splicing mechanical splicing and fusion splicing. Mechanical splicing mechanical splicing is temporary splicing loss of mechanical splicing is 0. A fusing arc is applied, which then provides the lowest loss fusion splice.
In both types of waveguide light propagates in the form of modes. Precisely align the two fibers generate a small electric arc to melt the fibers and weld them together high precision fusion splicers are usually bulky and expensive. In premises applications, fiber optic cables can be used as the backbone cabling in a standard structured cabling network, connecting network hardware in the computer roommain cross connect. These technical and highly soughtafter skills in the fiber optics industry are. Fiber optic splicing is another type of loss in optical fiber. Allwave fibers provide seamless splicing and are zero water peak zwp and can be used everywhere from long haul to shorter reach inbuilding applications. There exist basically three techniques for splicing the optical fibers. Optical fibers may be connected to each other or can be terminated at the end by means of connectors or splicing techniques. A typical example of this method is the use of connectors to link fibers. It is therefore essential that the stripped fiber ends are adequately positioned and aligned in order to achieve good continuity of the transmission.
Composition of optical fiber cable modes of transmission optical fiber cable splicing otdr principle handson practice of otdr. Telecom staff college haripur course objectives by the end of course the participants will have thorough knowledge of. This was the reason for the introduction of optical fiber. The classification based on the refractive index is as follows. The fibers are aligned and held in place by a selfcontained assembly. Splicing of optical fibers is a technique used to join two optical fibers. This technique is used in optical fiber communication, in order to form long optical links for better as well as longdistance optical signal transmission. The industrial fiber optics fiber optic connector and splicing module contains three learning activities that cover the basics of attaching connectors and splices to fiber optic cables. Fiber splicing is the process of permanently joining two fibers together. In order to specify the characteristics of optical fibres and systems operating with optical amplifiers and the wdm technique, many new recommendations were developed in itut.
60 742 1547 1520 549 988 896 474 775 570 1375 303 556 908 259 977 830 1060 216 242 263 630 346 1591 1130 265 420 133 1134 117 1002 1410 670 345 841 1092 1018 1469 1276 23